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The cell layer below the epidermis consists of large, water-storing cells. Further tissue types: Assimilation tissue, palisade parenchyma (cells oriented in parallel) with spongy parenchyma below (with an extensive intercellular system). At the right side is a vascular bundle (phloem above, xylem below [recognizable by the thick cell walls]) surrounded by a vascular bundle sheath . (R. KAPPLER, 1986)