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Exam 2 version 1 Answer Key
|
Q.
|
Rationale
|
|
1. D
|
Animal cilia (and flagella)
are distinguished by the "9+2" pattern of microtubules. Centrioles have
a ring of 9 bundles (but in "3's" instead of "2's", but do not have 2 central
microtubules. Other choices are not relevant. |
|
2. B
|
Microtubules are the largest
of cytoskeletal fibers, and the only ones associated with the "9+2" pattern |
|
3. E
|
Both dynein and kinesin are
common motor proteins. |
|
4. E
|
All these statements are true. |
|
5. A
|
Oxidation = loss of electrons
(also can be loss of H). Choices b-d involve gain, not loss, so these are
reductions, not oxidations. LEO the lion says GER! |
|
6. A
|
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm,
outside the mitochondrion. |
|
7. B
|
H+ ions
accumulate in the compartment between inner and outer mitochondrial membrane,
labeled "Compartment B" here. |
|
8. C
|
This refers to the Krebs cycle,
which occurs inside the mitochondrial matrix, labeled "Compartment C" here.
|
|
9. D
|
Oxygen is the common terminal
electron acceptor; common electron acceptors include NAD+
and others not listed here. |
|
10. A
|
"Chemiosmosis" refers to the
building up and discharging of proton gradients across a membrane. Only
choice (a) applies. |
|
11. E
|
Several of the answer choices
are true statements, but irrelevant to the question asked. E is the clear
answer. |
|
12. D
|
This is the Krebs cycle (aka
TCA cycle, citric acid cycle) shown in class, probably the easiest question
on this test! |
|
13. C
|
A major function of the Krebs
cycle is to oxidize pyruvate all the way to CO2 and
H2O, stripping off H atoms and passing them on to the
electron transport system with NAD+ as the electron
carrier. |
|
14. D
|
UConn's favorite fermentation,
I think. Note that pyruvate cannot be called a waste product -- it must
be used as the electron acceptor in fermentation, and once it has accepted
electrons it is no longer pyruvate but ethanol or lactic acid or some other
waste product. |
|
15. E
|
Ion gradients can only be
generated by some active transport process, typically by ATP pumps. Symport
or antiport are conceivable alternatives, but not in the answer choices
here -- choice (c) cannot be correct since no antiporter would exchange
gigantic proteins (enzymes) for ions. (This question is right off the Biology
Place) |
|
16. A
|
The description is very similar
to the example we discussed in class, with transferrin as the iron carrier.
Cholesterol is indeed carried by LDLs as opposed to floating free in the
blood, and a good thing this is! |
|
17. B
|
Another question right off
the Biology Place. This is very obviously plasmolysis, assuming you remember
the definition! |
|
18. D
|
Both AT and FD use proteins
to carry substances across membranes, but FD doesn't use energy while AT
does. |
|
19. E
|
First fact learned about membrane
structure. |
|
20. B
|
Of choices listed, only glucose
is polar/charged. Oxygen is very nonpolar (hence its poor solubility in
water); fatty acids are clearly nonpolar and dissolve happily in the lipid
bilayer; and ethanol is equally happy in both polar and nonpolar environments
and needs no carrier, a fact that explains why our brains start reeling
quickly after consuming enough drinks to raise our blood concentration of
alcohol enough to feel the effect. |
|
21. C
|
Pure water is the best cure
for wilted plants because it is hypotonic (under the osmotic strength of
the cell) |
|
22. D
|
Definition |
|
23. C
|
From practice test |
|
24. D
|
Definition |
|
25. C
|
They're called G-proteins
because they use GTP; when this splits to GDP,they become inactive and must
await a signal event to trigger another round of GTP activation . |
|
26. C
|
The question tells you that
2N=6, so N=3. One look at the figure should convince you there are only
3 chromosomes here (each with a pair of sister chromatids), and they don't
look alike so the homologous pairs have already been separated. This is
clearly metaphase because everything is lined up on one plane. Conclusion:
metaphase of meiosis II. |
|
27. D
|
Until cells start synthesizing
DNA, they are not going to divide. The transition from G1
(or Go) to S is the critical division commitment. |
|
28. D
|
Of the many distinguishing
features, only D is relevant here. (a) occurs in mitosis but not meiosis;
(b) and (c) occurs in both processes, except preceding meiosis II, the inverse
of the question asked. |
|
29. D
|
Example was discussed in class.
Colchicine is a common metaphase arrest drug. |
|
30. B
|
Gametes always have 1/2 the
chromosomes of somatic cells. |
|
31. B
|
Definition |
|
32. B
|
Definition |
|
33. C
|
Definition |
|
34. E
|
Example discussed in class. |
|
35. A
|
Definition |
|
36. C
|
3 phosphates (count them);
sugar is ribose (no missing OH group), so ATP. |
|
37. A
|
Definition |
|
38. E
|
This is easiest to see in
the lower part of the figure; there's only one protein attached, right at
the point where new DNA is growing (arrow head), so this can only be DNA
polymerase. Same logic works on upper strand (enzyme is found at growing
arrow head), but its more confused because of all the other enzymes needed
for lagging strand synthesis. |
|
39. C
|
The "leading strand" is defined
as the newly replicating strand that is being synthesized in the same direction
as DNA is unwinding. |
|
40. E
|
Each codon consists of 3 nucleotides,
so multiply number of amino acids by 3. Elementary, my dear Watson. |
|
41. A
|
Transcription is defined as
synthesis of RNA from a DNA template, and that's obviously what's happening
here, since the product contains U instead of T. |
|
42. A
|
"Hello darkness my old xfsfdsruiesrrpoierioeiroiep"
= exon-intron. If you weren't in class Wednesday, you missed the audio demo. |
|
43. B
|
Translation = making polypeptides,
using mRNA, ribosomes, t-RNAs, etc. RNA polymerase is involved in making
RNA (transcription), a different process. |
|
44. C
|
Example from class, text,
and notes. |
|
45. C
|
First, write down the
complementary RNA: UCAUGUAUGAU…..
Second, locate the first AUG "start" codon from the left:
(UC) AUG UAU
GAU…..
Third, consult the genetic code table for the correct amino acids:
met-tyr |
