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ELECTRONIC ACTIVITIES (IOSU: In Order of Speed and Usefulness)
    1. "Interactive Study Partner" CD ROM Quiz (or Campbell web site http://occ.awlonline.com/bookbind/pubbooks/campbell_awl/chapter49/deluxe.html)
    2. Biology Place "TestFlight" customized chapter quiz.
    3. Campbell (http://www.biology.com/campbell) Web Destinations (http://occ.awlonline.com/bookbind/pubbooks/campbell_awl/chapter49/deluxe.html)
    4. Biology Place (http://www.biology.com/home/home.html) Select Chapter 49 then click go to search for current activities.

OUTLINE
I. Introduction to Sensory Reception
    A. Sensory receptors transduce stimulus energy and transmit signals to the nervous system
    B. Sensory receptors are categorized by the type of energy they transduce
II. Photoreceptors
    A. A broad array of photoreceptors has evolved among invertebrates
    B. Vertebrates have single-lens eyes
    C. The light absorbing pigment rhodopsin operates via signal transduction
    D. The retina assists the cerebral cortex in processing visual information
III. Hearing and Equilibrium
    A. The mammalian hearing organ is within the inner ear
    B. The inner ear also contains the organs of equilibrium
    C. A lateral line system and inner ear detect pressure waves in most fishes and aquatic amphibians
    D. Many invertebrates have gravity sensors and are sound-sensitive
IV. Chemoreception – Taste and Smell
    A. Perceptions of taste and smell are usually interrelated

OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter and attending lecture, you should be able to:
1. Differentiate between sensation and perception.
2. Give the general function of a receptor cell, and explain the five processes involved in this function.
3. Explain the difference between exteroreceptors and interoreceptors.
4. List and describe the energy stimulus of the five types of receptors.
5. Using a cross-sectional diagram of human skin, identify the various receptors present, and explain the importance of having near-surface and deep-layer receptors for such stimuli as pressure.
6. Compare and contrast the structure and processing of light in eye cups of Planaria, compound eyes of insects, and single-lens eyes of mollusks.
7. Using a diagram of the vertebrate eye, identify and give the function of each structure.
8. Describe how the rod cells and cone cells found in the vertebrate eye function.
9. Explain how retinal signals following a horizontal pathway can enhance visual integration.
10. Using a diagram of the human ear, identify and give the function of each structure.
11. Explain how the mammalian ear functions as a hearing organ.
12. Explain how the mammalian ear functions to maintain body balance and equilibrium.
13. Compare the hearing and equilibrium systems found in non-mammalian vertebrates.
14. Describe the structure and function of statocysts.
15. Explain how the chemoreceptors involved with taste and smell function.

KEY TERMS
accommodation
amacrine cells
amplification
aqueous humor
bipolar cells
chemoreceptor
choroid
ciliary body
cochlea
compound eyes
cone cells
conjunctiva
cornea
cuticle
electromagnetic receptor
Eustachian tube
exteroreceptors
eye cup
fovea
ganglion cells
gustatory receptor
hair cell
horizontal cells
incus
inner ear
integration
interoreceptors
iris
lateral geniculate nuclei
lateral inhibition
lateral line system
lens
malleus
mechanoreceptors
middle ear
muscle spindle
neuromast
nociceptor
olfactory receptor
ommatidia
opsin
optic chiasm
organ of Corti
outer ear
oval window
pain receptor
perception
photopsins
photoreceptor
pitch
primary visual cortex
pupil
receptor potential
retina
retinal
rhodopsin
rod cells
round window
saccule
sclera
semicircular canals
sensation
sensory adaptation
sensory reception
sensory receptor
sensory transduction
single-lens eye
stapes
statocysts
statoliths
taste buds
thermoreceptor
transmission
tympanic membrane
utricle
vitreous humor