Biology 102 Spring, 1999
Study Guide #1 -
McShaffrey
- What is an ecosystem?
- What are the 3 types
of biological diversity?
- What are the
components of the abiotic environment?
- Where are the biomes
located on a map?
- What controls which
biome develops in a given place?
- Which biomes are most
productive? Least productive? Why?
- What two roles do
organisms play in the environment?
- What do producers do?
- What do consumers do?
- What are the 4 types
of consumers?
- How does energy move
through an ecosystem?
- How do nutrients move
through an ecosystem?
- What is a food chain?
Give a specific example.
- What is a food web?
Give a specific example.
- What is a trophic
level?
- Can you identify
organisms in a food web as to their trophic
level? Role in the food web?
- What are the two
types of food chains? Which is more common?
- Why does a pyramid of
biomass develop (3 reasons)?
- Why is it more
efficient to eat at lower trophic levels?
- How much energy gets
passed from one trophic level to another?
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- What is the
difference between human and natural food chains?
- What are the
components of a biogeochemical cycle?
- Can you draw the
water, carbon, phosphorous and nitrogen cycles?
- What is a niche?
- What 3 sets of
parameters define a niche?
- When does competition
develop?
- What are the two
types of competition and which is more intense?
- When is competition
strongest?
- What is competitive
exclusion?
- Do predators control
prey populations?
- What is a keystone
species?
- What are the types
(3) of keystone species?
- Give a specific
example of each type of keystone species.
- What are the 3 types
of symbiosis?
- What are the possible
interactions between organisms?
- What is succession?
- How does succession
unfold?
- What is the
relationship between succession and biomes?
- What characterizes
climax and pioneer communities?
- What is unique about
island communities?
- How do large and
small islands compare in terms of number of
species? Why?
- How do close and far
islands compare in terms of number of species?
Why?
- What is equilibrium?
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Other study hints:
- Know the definitions of all
boldface terms in the text. Use the glossary and make
flashcards.
- Know and be able to reproduce
and/or explain Figures 3.5, 3.6, 3.11, 3.13, 3.15, 3.18,
4.17, 4.18, 4.20, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.7, 6.14, 6.15, 6.17,
6.18, and 6.19. Also, know any figures placed on the
board. I don't expect artistic perfection, but rather a
diagrammatic approach that demonstrates that you know and
understand the material.
- Be able to give specific
examples of ecological and other phenomena such as
competitive exclusion or trophic levels.
- Be able to make simple,
logical mathematical calculations (calculators
permitted), for example: If there is 1,000 pounds of
grass, what is the greatest weight of tertiary consumers
that you might have in a food chain starting with grass?
- All material on the first
test comes from chapters 3,4,and 6 in Levine and Miller.
We will get to the Cox supplement shortly.
- Essay questions will ask you
to expand on the objective material mentioned above, or
to explain in more detail why some phenomena develop;
i.e. why (how) does succession proceed?
- Many of the questions above
will be on the test but they may be altered - read
carefully!
- There will be other questions
on the test - read your notes and the book!
- See the material on the web,
especially:
Re-write your notes! -
Ask questions in class! - Study with a friend. - Quiz each other.
- Get a good night's sleep before the test.
Study Hints
Try concept mapping: Get
some blank paper (try a recycling bin, use the back). Write down
a key term (biomagnification). Now, draw lines from the term to
blank areas on the page. Begin to add new information – 4
things that are necessary for biomagnification, 4 things that
biomagnify, etc. Make links to the new topics. Continue until the
paper is full. Start over with a new term.
Get in the Mood: Study
early and often. If you can’t find a quiet place, tune out
the background with lively, non-vocal music. A fast beat keeps
you motivated; vocal would distract from processing language
information (reading). Try Jazz or New-Age music, the same sort
of thing you would listen to for jogging. David Sanborn, David
Benoit, Peter White, Spyro Gyra, Mannheim Steamroller, even John
Tesh (really) are all good bets.
