MCB 229 Spring 2000 Study Guide 22 Prof. Terry
Covers Lecture for May 2
This study guide is intended for you to use while you are
doing the assigned text reading. Quiz questions will be made with reference to
topics in this study guide. Quiz #22, based on questions from this study guide,
must be completed by midnight before the class on Tuesday, May 2. You will need
to create your "myWebCT" account and visit the MCB 229 WebCT page in order to
access this quiz.
Chapter 30. Immune Response: antigens &
antibodies.
- How do you specific immunity differ from innate (natural)
immunity?
- Distinguish the following terms: naturally acquired active
immunity, naturally acquired passive immunity, artificially acquired active
immunity, artificially acquired passive immunity.
- The terminology for cells
of the immune system is complex. Note that all immune cells derive from stem
cells found in bone marrow. As these cells mature, they take different
routes. Some become phagocytic cells (e.g. macrophages) or other
components (e.g. platelets). Others become lymphocytes. Although all
lymphocytes look alike in the microscope, they are very different functionally.
T cells mature in the thymus gland, and differentiate further into
several varieties which can be distinguished based on whether they carry surface
proteins of type CD4 or CD8. B cells mature in the bone
marrow, and have the capacity to differentiate further (if stimulated) into
memory and plasma cells. T cells are involved in regulating B
cells, in recruiting macrophages, and in killing cells with detectable "foreign"
antigens. Some lymphocytes, called natural killer cells, are distinct from both
T and B cells.
- What is an antigen? What kinds of molecules are typically
good antigens? What is an epitope?
- What is a hapten? What is an
adjuvant?
- Explain what antibodies look like and how they behave. Draw
an IgG molecule and label its component parts.
(a) What properties do IgG,
IgM, and IgA antibodies have in common? What properties distinguish them?
(b)
Which type of antibody binds antigen most avidly? Which type is most abundant in
blood and lymph?
(c) Where would you find IgA?
(d) Where are the antigen
binding sites located on a Y-shaped unit?
(e) Where are variable and
constant regions located? How do they differ?
(g) If you compare IgG
antibodies directed against influenza virus and against poliovirus, where and
how do they differ? - How many different specific antibodies are there
(roughly)? Is each antibody specificity encoded in DNA? If so, how much DNA is
required for this coding? If not, how do different antibody specificities arise?
(Hint: see Figs. 30.14-30.16)
- What is the clonal selection theory? Which
class of cells actually produce circulating antibodies? Where do these cells
come from?
- How do primary and secondary antibody responses differ? How long
does it take for the body to mount an effective response in each case? Which
kind of antibodies is involved in each?
- What is a myeloma cell? What is a
hybridoma? What is a monoclonal antibody? How do such antibodies differ from the
antibodies produced when an animal is challenged with a new
antigen?