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Home / Evolution & Extinction / The Mass Extinction at the End of the Permian

P. Ball, Nature, Science Update: Brimstone pickled Permian.

DiMichele, William A.: EVOLUTIONARY AND PALEOECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF TERRESTRIAL FLORAL CHANGES IN THE LATE PALEOZOIC TROPICS. 1999 GSA Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado; The Geological Society of America (GSA).

Earth System Processes - Global Meeting (June 24-28, 2001) Edinburgh: Session No. T7 Tuesday, June 26, 2001; Global Change in the Late Paleozoic. Abstracts.

The Geological Society, UK, February 22, 2001: Geology News, Buckyballs to extinction, and Spaceballs! (April 13, 2000), and Just Bucky? How many coincidental double whammies can life (and we) take? (March 8, 2001). The extraterrestrial gases were found trapped inside buckyballs in the thin layer of clay that formed from the fallout of an asteroid impact.

Anna Goodwin, Jon Wyles and Alex Morley, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol: The palaeofiles, The end-Permian mass extinction. Go to: What life was present, Vascular plants.

Audrey Johnson, University of Michigan: The case of the Permian Extinction. Including a bibliography.

Ronald J. Litwin, Robert E. Weems, and Thomas R. Holtz, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver (Maintained by Eastern Publications Group Web Team): Dinosaurs: Facts and Fiction.

C. V. Looy¹, W. A. Brugman¹, D. L. Dilcher², and H. Visscher¹. ¹Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Utrecht University; ²Paleobotany Laboratory, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville: The delayed resurgence of equatorial forests after the Permian-Triassic ecologic crisis. PNAS Online, Vol. 96, Issue 24, 13857-13862, November 23, 1999.

Gary F. McCracken, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville: Evolution. Lecture notes. Go to: Extinction, and Terrestrial Floras and the Permian-Triassic Crisis.

McGowan, Alistair J., Ziegler, Alfred M.: PATTERNS OF GLOBAL PLANT DIVERSITY, GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE IN THE PERMIAN AND TRIASSIC.- Abstract, Summit 2000, 2000 GSA Annual Meeting, Reno, Nevada; The Geological Society of America (GSA).

Melanie Melton, The Watch (The Watch is a project of the Space Frontier Foundation; a U.S.-based, non-profit organization): Scientists Find the "Trigger" For The Largest Mass Extinction on Earth. About fullerenes.

National Geographic: When life nearly came to an end. The Permian mass extinction.

Stephen A. Nelson, Department of Geology, Tulane University. New Orleans, LA: Natural Disasters, Meteorites, Impacts, and Mass Extinction.

Hermann W. Pfefferkorn, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA: Commentary: Recuperation from Mass Extinctions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences v.96, i.24 23nov99

Allister Rees, Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago: Middle Permian (Wordian) Floras.

Steve Self, Hawaii Center for Volcanology, University of Hawaii, and Mike Rampino, Earth and Environmental Science Program, New York University (The Geological Society of London): FLOOD BASALTS, MANTLE PLUMES and MASS EXTINCTIONS.

STEINER, Maureen B., ESHET, Yoram, RAMPINO, Michael, and SCHWINDT, Dylan M.: SIMULTANEOUS PERMO-TRIASSIC BOUNDARY MARINE AND TERRESTRIAL MASS EXTINCTIONS: THE GLOBAL FUNGAL SPIKE DISCOVERED IN THE KAROO SUPERGROUP (SOUTH AFRICA). Abstract, GSA Annual Meeting, Boston, November 5-8, 2001.

Ellen Thomas, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut: Biological Diversity and Evolution through Time. Lecture notes ("notes") and palaeontological links. Go to: The Greatest Extinction of Them All: the End of the Permian.

Walt Disney Company (hosted by 1HostNet.com): It Came from the Earth's Core. Easy to understand article. Deep-rooted volcanoes blamed for Permian mass extinction. Discover Magazine, 12/1/95, Vol. 16, pp 22(1).

David Whitehouse, BBC News: Asteroid destroyed life 250m years ago. Researchers believe that particular fullerenes are extraterrestrial because the gases trapped inside have an unusual ratio of isotopes that indicate they were made in the atmosphere of a star that exploded before our Sun was born.