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                                        Harvesting
                                        Durians. Sopinggi
                                        Ladsou, mountain guide
                                        and enthusiastic
                                        community ethnobotanist,
                                        preparing fruits of Durio
                                        kinabaluensis,
                                        (Bombaceae) in the
                                        community forest reserve
                                        of Kampung Kiau Nuluh,
                                        Sabah, Malaysia.  
                                        © Gary J. Martin | 
                                     
                                 
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                                Lessons
                                Learned 
                                Case studies
                                and general principles in applied
                                ethnobotany 
                                This section describes case
                                studies in applied ethnobotany
                                and associated lessons learned.
                                Every situation is unique in
                                detail (a vital lesson which we
                                have learned from our endeavors).
                                The methodology used in case
                                studies should not be viewed as
                                providing "cookbook
                                recipes", but rather ideas
                                for work which should always be
                                carried out creatively and
                                flexibly, with sensitivity to
                                specific local circumstances. 
                                However, we believe that there
                                can be similarities in the
                                challenges faced by different
                                people in different places 
                                hence, the section which follows
                                after "case studies":
                                general principles in applied
                                ethnobotany. This section will be
                                built up gradually as general
                                lessons and principles emerge.
                                Since to an extent all case
                                studies can be viewed in
                                different ways, and the lessons
                                learned from them are open to
                                personal opinion, case studies
                                are all authored by those
                                collaborating with the editorial
                                team in the preparation of the
                                texts. 
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