References
Adu-Tutu, M.; Y. Afful, K.
Asante-Appiah, D. Lieberman, J. B. Hall
and M. Elvin-Lweis. 1979. Chewing stick
usage in southern Ghana. Economic Botany
33: 320-328.
Alder, D. and Synnott, T. J. 1992.
Permanent sample plot techniques for
mixed tropical forest. Oxford Forestry
Institute, Oxford.
Anderson, S. and F. Staugard. 1986.
Traditional midwives: traditional
medicine in Botswana. Ipelegeng
publishers, Gaborone.Anon. 1991. CARE: An
overview. Annual meeting, September 11,
1991. CARE-International, New York.
Anon. 1992. Population figures for DTC
project. Unpublished report, DTC project,
Ikumba, Uganda.
Ashford, R. W., G. D. F. Reid and T.
M. Butynski. 1990. The intestinal faunas
of man and mountain gorillas in a shared
habitat. Annals of Tropical Medicine and
Parasitology 84: 337-340.
Balasubramanian, V. and A. Egli. 1986.
The role of agroforestry in the farming
systems in Rwanda with special reference
to the Bugesera-Gisaka-Migongo (BGM)
region. Agroforestry Systems 4: 271-289.
Bulatao, R. A., Bos, E., Stephens, P.
W. and Vu, M.T. 1990. World population
projections 1989-1990 edition. Short- and
long-term estimates. Johns Hopkins
University Press, London.
Butynski, T. M. 1984. Ecological
survey of the Impenetrable (Bwindi)
forest, Uganda, and recommendations for
its conservation and management.
Unpublished report to the Ugandan
Government.
CARE-International. 1992. Scope of
work: ethnobotany and sustainable use of
forest plant resources.
CARE-International, Kampala, Uganda.
Conelly, W. T. 1985. Copal and rattan
collecting in the Philippines. Economic
Botany 39: 39-46.
Cunningham, A. B. 1985. The resource
value of indigenous plants to rural
people in a low agricultural potential
area. Ph.D thesis, University of Cape
Town.
Cunningham, A. B. 1987. Commercial
craftwork: balancing out human needs and
resources. South African Journal of
Botany 53: 259-266.
Cunningham, A. B. 1990. People and
medicines: the exploitation and
conservation of traditional Zulu
medicinal plants. Mitteilungen aus dem
Institut fur Allgemeine Botanik, Hamburg.
23b, 979-990.
Cunningham, A. B. 1991. Development of
a conservation policy on commercially
exploited medicinal plants: a case study
from southern Africa. In: Conservation of
Medicinal Plants (eds: O. Akerele, V.
Heywood and H. Synge), pp.
337-358.Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge.
Cunningham, A. B. 1993. African
medicinal plants: setting priorities at
the interface between conservation and
primary health care. People and Plants
Working paper 1. Paris.
UNESCO.Cunningham, A. B. and S. J.
Milton. 1987. Effects of basket weaving
industry on Mokola palm and dye plants in
north-western Botswana. Economic Botany
41, 386-402.
Cunningham, A. B. and Mbenkum, F. T.
1993. Sustainability of harvesting Prunus
africana bark in Cameroon: A medicinal
plant in international trade. People and
Plants Working paper 2. Paris. UNESCO.
Deacon, H. J. 1983. The peopling of
the fynbos. In: Fynbos paleoecology: a
preliminary synthesis. (eds: H.J. Deacon,
Q.B. Hendey and J.J.N. Lamprechts), pp.
183-204. South African National
Programmes Report 75, Pretoria, South
Africa.
Desawadi, P. 1991. The conservation of
medicinal plants used in Primary Health
Care in Thailand. In: Conservation of
Medicinal Plants (eds: O. Akerele, V.
Heywood and H. Synge), pp. 253-258.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Erkkila, A. and H. Siiskonen. 1992.
Forestry in Namibia 1850-1990. Silva
Carelica 20. University of Joensuu.FAO.
1981. Food loss prevention in perishable
crops. FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin
43, FAO, Rome.
FAO. 1983a. Food and fruit-bearing
forest species. 1. Examples from eastern
Africa. FAO Foretsry Paper 44/1. FAO,
Rome.
FAO. 1983b. Growing mushrooms : Oyster
Mushroom, Jew's Ear Mushroom, Straw
Mushroom. FAO Regional Office for Asia
and the Pacific, Bangkok.
Forbes, L. P. F. 1991. Cambridge
Uganda Forest Island expedition.
Cambridge University.
Forest Department. 1964. Annual report
of the Forest Department, 1963/64, Uganda
Government. Government Printer, Entebbe.
Gentry, H. S., A. J. Verbiscar and T.
F. Branigan. 1987. Red Squill (Urginea
maritima, Liliaceae). Economic Botany 41
(2): 267-282.
Glover, P. E. and E. C. Trump. 1970.
An ecological survey of the Narok
district of Kenya Masailand. Pt 2.
Vegetation. Nairobi, Kenya National
Parks. 157 pp. (cited by White, 1983).
Good, C. M. 1987. Ethnomedical systems
in Africa: patterns of traditional
medicine in rural and urban Kenya. The
Guildford Press, Kenya.
Groube, L. 1989. The taming of the
rain forests: a model for Late
Pleistocene forest exploitation in New
Guinea. pp. 292-304 in: D. R. Harris and
G. C. Hillman (eds) Foraging and farming:
the evolution of plant exploitation.
Unwin Hyman, London.
Hamilton, A. C. 1981. The quaternary
history of African forests: its relevance
to conservation. African Journal of
Ecology 19: 1-6.
Hamilton, A. C. 1991. A field guide to
Ugandan forest trees. Makerere
University, Kampala.
Hamilton, A. C., Taylor, D. and J. C.
Vogel. 1986. Early forest clearance and
environmental degradation in south-west
Uganda. Nature 320: 164-167.
Hart, T. B. and Hart, J. A. 1986. The
ecological basis of hunter-gatherer
subsistence in African rainforests: the
Mbuti of eastern Zaïre. Human Ecology 14
(1): 29-53.
Howard, P. C. 1991. Nature
Conservation in Uganda's Tropical Forest
Reserves. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
Huntley, B. J. 1988. Conserving and
monitoring biotic diversity: some African
examples. pp. 249-260. in: E. O. Wilson
(ed) Biodiversity. National Academy
Press, Washington.
IUCN. 1991. Biodiversity in
sub-Saharan Africa and its islands.
Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species
Survival Commission, no.6. IUCN,
Switzerland.
Kakuru, W. 1990. The potential of the
Impenetrable (Bwindi) forest for
medicinal plants. BSc (Forestry) project,
Makerere University.
Kanongo, M. 1990. Draft report of
baseline data, report for Development
through Conservation project. Phase 1.
Dec. 1989-Feb. 1990. Development through
Conservation project, Ikumba, Uganda.
Kigomo, B. N. 1988. Bamboo resource in
the East African region. pp. 22-28, in:
Bamboos Current Research, Proceedings of
the International Bamboo Workshop, Nov.
14-18, 1988.
Kingdon, J. 1990. Island Africa: the
evolution of Africa's rare animals and
plants. Collins, London.
Kingston, B. 1967. Working plan for
Mgahinga Central Forest Reserve, Kigezi
district, Uganda. For the period
1967-1977. Uganda Forest Department.
Leggatt, G. J. and H. A. Osmaston.
1961. Working plan for the Impenetrable
Central Forest Reserve, Kigezi district,
western province, Uganda. Period 1 July
1961-June 1971.
Malpas, R. C. and M. M. Infield.
unpublished. The Mgahinga forest and
gorilla game reserves, Uganda. WWF/IUCN.
Unpublished report to the Ministries of
Tourism and Wildlife, and Agriculture anf
Forestry, Uganda.
Martin, R. B. 1986. Communal areas
management programme for indigenous
resources (CAMPFIRE). CAMPFIRE Working
Document No. 1/86, Department of National
Parks and Wildlife Management, Zimbabwe.
McNeely, J.A. 1988. Economics and
biological diversity: developing and
using economic incentives to conserve
biological resources. IUCN, Gland.
Muir, D. P. 1991. Indigenous forest
utilization in KwaZulu: a case study of
the Hlatikulu forest, Maputaland. MSc
thesis, University of Natal,
Pietermaritzburg.
Mwesigye, V. M. 1991. Beekeeping in
the Impenetrable forest. Unpublished
field-training report, Institute for
Tropical Forest Conservation, Ruhija.
Noble, I. R. and Slatyer, R. O. 1980.
The use of vital attributes to predict
successional changes in plant communities
subject to recurrent disturbances.
Vegetatio 43, 5-21.
Osmaston, F. C. 1968. The management
of forests. George Allen & Unwin,
Ltd. London.
Payapyipapong, P., Traitongyoo, T. and
Dobias, R. J. 1988. Integrating park
conservation and rural development in
Thailand. Unpublished paper presented at
the IUCN meeting, Costa Rica.
Peters, C. M. 1990. Plenty of fruit
but no free lunch. Garden 14(6): 8-13
(published by the New York Botanical
Garden).
Rifai, M. A. and Kartawinata, K. 1991.
Germplasm and the Conservation of
Indonesian medicinal plants. pp. 281-292,
in: Heywood, V., Synge, H. & Akerele,
O. (eds). Conservation of medicinal
plants. Cambridge University Press.
Rutherford, M. C. 1978. Primary
production ecology in southern Africa.
In: Biogeography and Ecology of southern
Africa. (ed: M. J. A. Werger), pp.
621-659. W. Junk, The Hague.
Rutherford, M. C. and Westfall, R. H.
1986. Biomes of southern Africa: an
objective categorization. Memoirs of the
Botanical Survey of South Africa, 54.
Botanical Research Institute, South
Africa.
Schönau, A. P. G. 1970. Timber/bark
weight ratios for black wattle. Wattle
Research Institute Report 1969-1970.
October 1970, WRI, University of Natal.
Scott, P. 1992. Fringe benefits:
National Park boundaries as areas for
local community utlization: the case of
the Impenetrable (Bwindi) forest.
Unpublished M.Sc. thesis.
Seydack, A. H. W., Grewar, S. G. and
van Dijk, D. 1982. Proposals for a
management system for indigenous forests
of the southern Cape and Tsitsikamma.
Department of Environment Affairs,
Southern Cape Region.
Shackleton, S. E. 1990. Socio-economic
importance of Cymbopogon validus in
Mkambati Game Reserve, Transkei. South
African Journal of Botany 56: 675-682.
Stapleton, C. C. 1955. The cultivation
of indigenous trees and shrubs. Journal
of the South African Forestry Association
26: 11-17.
Struhsaker, T. T. 1987. Forestry
issues and conservation in Uganda.
Biological Conservation 39: 209-234.
Takeda, J. 1990. The dietary repertory
of the Ngandu people of the tropical
rainforest: an ecological and
anthropological study of the subsistence
activities and food procurement
technology of a slash-and-burn
agriculturalist in the Zaïre basin.
African Study Monographs, Suppl. 11:
1-75.
Tanno, T. 1981. Plant utilization of
the Mbuti pygmies - with special
reference to their material culture and
use of wild vegetable foods. African
Study Monographs 1: 1-53.
Taylor, D. M. 1990. Late quaternary
pollen records from two Ugandan mires:
evidence for environmeltal change in the
Rukiga highlands of south-west Uganda.
Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology,
Paleoecology 80: 283-300.
Taylor, R. H. and Cunningham, A. B.
1983. The conservation of wetlands.
Journal of the Limnolo-gical Society of
Southern Africa 9: 141-145.
Van Noten, F. 1977. Excavation at
Matupi cave. Antiquity 51: 35-40.
Van Noten, F. 1979. The early Iron Age
in the Interlacustrine Region: the
diffusion of iron technology. Azania 14:
61-80.
Vasquez, R. and Gentry, A. H. 1989.
Use and misuse of forest harvested fruits
in the Iquitos area. Conservation Biology
3, 350-361.
Voorhoeve, A. M. et al. 1982. Machakos
project studies: agents affecting health
of mother and child in a rural area of
Kenya -- antenatal and delivery care.
Tropical and Geographical Medicine 34:
91-101 (cited in Anderson and Staugard,
1986).
Were, J. M. 1988. Arundinaria alpina
in Kenya. Bamboos Current Research,
Proceedings of the International Bamboo
Workshop, Nov. 14-18, 1988.White, F.
1983. The vegetation of Africa. UNESCO,
Paris.
White, R. G. 1969. Blacksmiths of
Kigezi. Uganda Journal 33: 65-73.
Wild, R. and Mutebi, J. 1996.
Conservation through Community use of
plant resources. Establishing
collaborative management at Bwindi
Impenetrabel and Mgahinga Gorilla
National Parks, Uganda. People and Plants
working paper 5. UNESCO. Paris.
Wimbush, S. H. 1945. The African
alpine bamboo. Empire Forestry Journal
24: 33-39 (cited by Kingston, 1967).
Wondergem, P., K. A. Senah and E. K.
Glover. 1989. Herbal drugs in primary
health care. Ghana: an assessment of the
relevance of herbal drugs in PHD and some
suggestions for strengthening PHD. Royal
Tropical Institute, Amsterdam.
World Bank (1986). Joint UNDP/World
Bank Energy Sector Managment Assistance
Programme. Activity Completion Report No.
053/86: Fuelwood/Forestry Project
feasibility report. Washington, DC (cited
by Howard, 1991).
Personal
Communications:
Baranga, J. 1992. Institute for
Tropical Forest
Conservation, Bwindi Impenetrable
National Park.
Sucker, K. J. 1992. Mgahinga Gorilla
National Park Project, PO Box 723,
Kabale, Uganda.
Wild, R. 1992. Development through
Conservation project, CARE- Uganda, PO
Box 7280, Kampala, Uganda.
|